A Chairde 
Ceacht 4 
Resources which should help in learning this section 

1. Audio file for lesson04 available at http://www.philo-celtic.com/PII/Progress.htm It can also be accessed from the Links section. 

2. Grammar Supplement http://www.oireasmedia.com/learningsolutions/languages/irish/piiforabhargramadai.pdf

3. Dictionary or www.focal.ie 

4. http://www.spicyirish.com/PI04.html 

5. http://irish.rownw.com/xwds/l4.html 

Foghlaim 
Ainm Briathartha/Verbal Noun 
In English, present participle ……..ing 

In the first section of Foghlaim we see 9 new verbal nouns which are in addition to the ones we learned in Lesson 1 
I think it is better to learn the ainm briathartha in a natural way because there are a multitude of rules for forming it. (See file Files/Earrach2/Lesson 4 for files to assist in learning) 

Sometimes the ainm briathartha/verbal noun is the same as the stem, and there is no change at all 
. 
Ag ól = drinking 
Ag scríobh = writing 
Ag foghlaim = learning 
Ag léim = jumping 
Ag fás = growing 
Ag díol = selling 

Please note that the g in ag is usually “soft” except before a vowel 
You can hear the g very clearly before a vowel. 

Remember if we wish to look up the dictionary we look up the stem. 
Conjunctions 
Agus = and 
Ach = but 

 “Bí” We see the conjugation of the verb “Bí” in 
its positive form Tá mé (Táim) 
Negative form Níl mé (Nílim), and 
Interrogative form An bhfuil mé (An bhfuilim?) 
In particular, note the spelling of nílimid (we are not) and an bhfuilimid? (Are we?) 

VERY IMPORTANT – DO NOT USE A NOUN AFTER TÁ MÉ etc. 
You can use an adjective - Táim ard. I am tall 
Or 
You can use an adverb -Tá mé go maith. 
Or 
You can use ainm briathartha/verbal noun - Tá mé ag léamh 
CONSTRUCTION AFTER NOUN –We will be coming back to this later. 
The construction for I am a secretary is 
Is rúnaí mé. 
Is múinteoirí iad - They are teachers. 

Leigh 
When reading this section pay particular attention to the conjunctions. 

HOMEWORK/OBAIR BHAILE 
Please translate Cuir Gaeilge air seo 
Please try to make up some sentences yourself using the conjunctions and using vocabulary from the 4 lesson which we have covered to date and send to me.

Send any comments/questions or discoveries to the class at philoprogress1-15b@yahoogroups.com Slán go fóill 
Máire